Essay about The Effects of Anabolic Steroids - 1472 Words

Steroids (anabolic) are a drug that was discovered and made by medical scientists in the last 1930’s to help with medical problems. The drug was made to help with many medical problems such as testosterone, growth, sexual functioning, and other medical problems such as helping people with HIV to help grow musical. It also helps with many other diseases. Like any other drug on the market people learn that the drug can be used for many other ways. Steroids can enhance athlete’s performance as well as bodybuilders and is used in almost every sport out there. The use of steroids has become a widespread problem. Steroid use has caused many help problems with the misuse of the drug and has caused the drug to be illegal for people to use them in†¦show more content†¦When using steroids for a long period of time it can have many consequences. If he or her starts the use of steroid use in adolescence years it could change the behavior of him or her in greater ways and change them into their adult lives. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 9th through 12th graders have or use steroids 4.4-5.7 percent of boys and 1.9-3.8 percent of girls use. (Fernandez, Hosey, 2009) Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can change the person’s social behaviors, such as their sexual satiety when they are adolescence and could also make them have aggressive behaviors. This is more likely to happen in an adolescent brain because it is more susceptible than adult brains. (Montalto, Salas-Ramirez, Sisk, 2010). Aggression is also the most reported side effects of the use of steroids in adults and teenagers. Those that used AAS were most likely to be aggressive and act in violent ways when those who were not. This is what the name â€Å"roid rage† comes from. (Lumia, McGinnis, 2010). The use in steroid use has increased dramatically in recent years with males. It is mostly used among adolescent males aging from as young as 11 to gain b ody mass and strength for completive sports. Using of this drug can serve life-long consequences and be permanent. (Lumia,Show MoreRelatedAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On The Brain1608 Words   |  7 PagesBrief History Anabolic steroids are directly related to steroids, and both have similar effects, however anabolic steroids intensify protein production in cells, leading to enlarged muscles, rather steroids contain various hormones including testosterone. Both, however exert the chemical dopamine into the blood stream, negatively effecting the brain driving addiction and abuse. The steps and action foreshadowing steroids can be traced back to 1849, when a German scientist named Arnold AdolphRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On Sports Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pages Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are a substance that is most commonly used by a small number of athletes take to make their body stronger, get bigger, and recover quicker. They are synthetic substance that is similar to the male hormone testosterone(Steroid Effects). They can be taken in several forms such as shot,pill or gel. The arguments for and against steroids are very common and there are several strong points made for each argument. Steroids are extremely powerful substances that haveRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On The Body1272 Words   |  6 Pagesweight and muscle, but it just was not enough. He remembered a friend telling him about what anabolic steroids had done for him and decided to try it, he would later regret that decision. Anabolic steroids are drugs that reciprocate certain natural hormones in the body such as the male hormone testosterone, which can improve endurance and performance and stimulate muscle growth. Even though anabolic steroids may provide the body i mage and results some adolescents want, they can be harmful to the adolescentRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On The Growth Of Muscle Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract An anabolic steroid is a synthetic steroid hormone that resembles testosterone in promoting the growth of muscle (NIDA 2004). Many athletes for difference reason use Anabolic Steroids and risk the potential of causing bodily harm/medical issues. There are many anabolic, androgenic effects, and risks. When you continue to negatively use this kind of drug to succeed life threatening consequences come into effect. ..(needs more context ) â€Æ' Introduction In many states and surrounding countriesRead MoreThe Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Athletes Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesand strength seem more important than in years past. It is believed that many athletes use anabolic steroids to increase their muscle mass and also their strength. Anabolic steroids are a group of synthetic hormones that promote the storage of proteins and the growth of tissue, sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength. Before the mid 1970’s the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) was used mainly by highly trained athletes especially those involved in weight trainingRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Anabolic Steroids1199 Words   |  5 Pagessport. You might think steroids are the answer to your problem, but it isn’t that easy. There are many adverse effects from steroids, such as the destruction of your organs or your physical appearance. There are many more adverse effects to using steroids than positive ones. This is why it is very risky to use them. Before using them you need to know what steroids are and what happens to your body when you take them. Anabolic-androgenic steroids, also known as anabolic steroids, are a man-made versionRead MoreThe Effect of Anabolic Steroids Research Paper2531 Words   |  11 Pagesschool and even middle school students are using steroids illegally. The United Institute of Health reported that 2.9% of twelve graders in high school have used anabolic steroids(Drugs In Sports, 2) These drugs may also have been called: roids, juice, gym candy, pumpers, stackers, balls or bulls, arnies, or anabolics(Anabolic Steroids, 1). Also most professional and amateur organizations have banned steroids use because of its unfair advantage. Steroids use is not limited to males but also more andRead MorePsychological Effects of Using Anabolic Steroids Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pages Anabolic Steriods. What are they? Where do they come from? Why are they used? From amateurs to pros, from body builders to football players and every sport in between, Steriods, or quot;roidsquot; as they are referred to, have been in the circle of athletes since the 1950s. Is it vanity that drives athletes to use steriods? Do they understand the end results from the abuse of quot;roidsquot;? What psychological effects do steriods have on users?In order to understand the psychological effectsRead MoreAnabolic Androgenic Steroids Is A Huge Problem Among Today s Athletes857 Words   |  4 PagesComposition Mrs. Vidden 14 January 2015 Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse in Professional Sports Anabolic-androgenic steroids are a huge problem amongst today’s athletes. The use of these drugs has been around for many years in sports. Understanding anabolic-androgenic steroids and why people take them is needed in the process of trying to eliminate them from professional sports. Also, players knowing and understanding how the negatives of anabolic-androgenic steroid use outweigh the positives will hopefullyRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Testosterone and Steroids 1404 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic-androgenic steroid is a family of lipophilic hormone that derived from cholesterol, which includes the natural male hormone testosterone and its synthetic derivatives, such as nandrolone and androsterone (Janjic et al. 2012; Basile et al. 2013). Testosterone is the principle molecule that possesses both anabolic and androgenic properties, which semantically refers to the ability to stimulate the synthesis of complex biological molecules and the growth of masculine characteri stics respectively

Essay Unit 1 Child and Young Person Development - 3604 Words

1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: physical development, communication and intellectual development, social, emotional and behavioural development. The expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years has many areas of development, starting from birth. 1.2 Describe, with examples, how different aspects of development can affect one another. 0-3 years Social, emotional and behavioural development New born babies often cry when they are hungry, tired, hurt, in need of nappy changing or just for some attention. This is because new born babies have no way of communicating as they do not know how to speak, see properly and†¦show more content†¦They completely understand the differences in gender at this age, they can also be very demanding as they are very innocent and do not realize certain things, they can also tell the difference from reality and fantasy. Physical development Children between the ages of 3-5 start to gain at least 4-5 pounds (in weight) and grow about 2-3 inches taller per year. Younger children are still developing their motor skills, for example using their arms and legs to play and by doing arts and crafts, puzzles and painting. By the age of 5 children are usually able to hop on one foot and are learning how to skip. Playing becomes very imaginative for them as they bring in fantasy and book characters into their games. At the age of 5 the child should know a difference in healthy and unhealthy foods, they are also able to use their manors even though sometimes they may not use them with people they don’t know or recognise. Communication and intellectual At the age of 3 they can, make toys work which stops them from becoming agitated, match objects to pictures in books they learn to recognise, sort objects by shape size or colour. By the age of 4 they can correctly name most colours, which is good for their knowledge and understanding, they try to solve problems which is very good for their mathematical understanding, they gain a clearer sense of time and they understand similarities and differences around them. By the age of 5 they canShow MoreRelatedAssignment – Unit 1: Child and Young Person Development5176 Words   |  21 PagesAssignment – Unit 1: Child and young person development Task A - Complete tables Complete the following four tables showing the different stages of development against the different ages and identify how development is holistic by showing links to other developmental aspects. 1. Physical development 2. Intellectual development 3. Communication development 4. Social, emotional and behavioural development (Ref 1.1, 1.2) Theorists in Child development:- Piaget – Cognitive Development - ObservedRead MoreUnit 1 Contribute to the Support of Child and Young Person Development3155 Words   |  13 Pagesassessments of the development needs of children and young people. 1.2 Identify different observation methods and know why they are used. Methods | Diary | TimeSampling | NarrativeRecords | Why I use this | To record what a child has done | To see if there is a regular pattern | To show a child’s progress | When I use this | All the time during your observations | When a child displays a change in their behaviour | Mon- Fri. during lunchtime | Advantage1 | Evidence of what a child has experiencedRead MoreExplain the Reasons Why Children and Young Peoples Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern1058 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the reasons why children and young peoples development may not follow the expected pattern Q: Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern. The child: There are many factors that influence a child/young persons development such as health issues, personal characteristics, motivation to learn, behaviour, sensory impairment, disability and learning difficulties. Even before birth a child needs to reach many milestones and howeverRead MoreLevel 2 Certificate For The Children And Young People Questions 11553 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce UNIT 001 Knowledge Questions Outcome 1 1.1.1 What are the different reasons people communicate and why? People communicate so that you can tell people how you feel and what you need. You communicate to find out information. 1.1.2 Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your work Communication from my room leader and manager needs to be clear in order for me to undertake the tasks I am asked to doRead More.Describe the Social, Economic and Cultural Factors That Will Impact on the Lives of Children and Young People834 Words   |  4 Pages1.describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children and young people (unit 7) There are many social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of the children and young people that we may work with. Personal choice – Some families decide that they do not wish to live or act in away in which is viewed as outside the social norm , for example such as being travellers or a child having same genders parents. The outcome of thisRead MoreUnit Eymp 1 Context and Principles for Early Years Provision Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesUnit EYMP 1 Context and principles for early years provision Unit EYMP 1 Context and principles for early years provision AC: 1. 2 M EYMP1 A2: Different approaches Indentify four different approaches to working with children and record these in the table below. Explain how each approach has influenced current early year’s provision in the UK Read MoreUnit 506 Understand Child And Young Person Development1727 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 506 Understand Child and Young Person Development When looking at and discussing a child’s development, you have to remember that all children are different and grow at different rates. Every child will follow the same sequence but they may not necessarily do it at the same time as each other. For example, you could have two, 6 month old babies, 1 could already be able to crawl, and the other 1 may not have mastered it yet and may not until they are a bit older. You must remember that your childRead MoreEssay about What is a child1374 Words   |  6 Pages What is a Child? Discuss how a scientific, a social constructionist and an applied approach attempt to answer this question. This essay will attempt to discuss how sociologists have attempted to answer the question. Childhood is viewed differently, depending on the country being considered, the period of time being studied or a personal viewpoint. According to the UN convention, a child is anybody under the age of eighteen. Several studies have been undertaken by sociologists to examine childhoodRead MoreUnit 11 Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesHELEN UNIT 11 /SHC34 PRINCIPLES FOR IMPLEMENTING DUTY OF CARE IN HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE OR CHILDRENS AND YOUNG PEOPLES SETTINGS TASK 1 TO LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ASSESMENT CRITERIA 1.1, 1.2, 1.1 To have a duty of care means to be accountable for the children and young people in your care by e.g. exercising authority, managing risks, working safely, safeguarding children and young people, monitoring own behaviour and conduct, maintaining confidentiality, storing personal information appropriatelyRead MorePsychology and Care Plan Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesUNIT CU1520 Questions 1 – Be able to assess the development needs of children or young people and repare a development plan. 1.1 – Explain factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. * Progress * Improvement * Behaviours * Look at goals within care plan are they on track? * What activities they are partaking in and how well are they dealing with them. * Whether they are interested, compliant and accepting or not. 1.2 – Assess

Tobacco use esay Free Essays

The effects of smoking are harmful to one’s body and can cause numerous health issues ND in some cases death-More than 5 million deaths a year is a huge amount of people that are being effected by tobacco use,and the number keeps growing. The county of Asia is especially affected by tobacco use and its harmful character traits. The global community must take steps to eliminate tobacco use. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco use esay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Smoking rates are very high in South Asian communities. South Asians often smoke cigarettes, bids or a hookah, or chew tobacco in pan or gotcha. There are many health risks for example, chewing pan makes you five times more likely to get oral cancer (Palo Alto medical foundation). People in Asia find it very hard to stop smoking, 700 Million men in Asia say they can not get through the day with out smoking a cigarette. Cigarette consumption in China soared between 1970 and 1 990 but has fallen slightly since. In Asia smoking among men is far more common than in the West. The worry, says Burke Fishbone of the World Health Organization (WHO), is that Asia will follow the Western trend, with more women taking up smoking as men quit. In Vietnam, for example, cigarettes are being peddled to urban women as a â€Å"sophisticated† pursuit. (Bangkok) Smoking was rotationally not considered lady like but the tobacco companies targeted all women from media , fashion and anything else they could think of that would get the attention of women. (Core Press) People are trying to stop smoking worldwide and are trying to start a war against smoking-Heath leaders are getting together tying to come up with ideas on how they can get smoking band or get it set to a certain age limit . Today there are 1. 1 billion smokers 80%,in the developing world. Starting today representatives from 191 nations are gathering together to insider the smoking treaty that could restrict tobacco marketing to young proportions in Asia and it is likely with the maturation Of this epidemic and increased risk of death from cancer and other smoking Disease. Asia marks it’s productions and it has the best selling point, Most people that sell cigarettes to Asia don’t care about there health, they just care about there rates being improved. Some countries such as; Brunet, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand want them to put warning labels on cigarette packs. Other countries such as; Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Manner, Philippines, and Vietnam require only text warnings. Turban designates wants to Increase tax to make tobacco products as unaffordable as possible he thinks that would be the best way for them to go. (David Tan) So many polices have been in Asia that both have high and low income. Countries are waking up to Tobacco related health diseases,researchers say public awareness of smoking risks coupled with aggressive tobacco marketing has left Asian nations with some of the most highest smoking rates in the world. At times when sustained anti-smoking campaigns have lowered rates in the U. S. And parts of Europe. N a country where 44 percent of the male population smokes a Health Minister named Moon Hung-Pay said the time had come to grapple seriously with the biggest threat to national health†Many Asian countries are in the early stages of the tobacco epidemic,† said by the POLO Medicine study. Hewitt) Dry. Alan Lopez the Pacific is particularly bad Countries like Tong, PANG, Jackrabbit all have smoking prevalence in males above 50 per cent, and very high in females. That is unusual what we tend to see in the developing countries Asia, is comparatively high and disturbingly high in fact. Prevalence for ales, around 40 to 50 per cent but much lower preval ence for females. We do not tend to see that in the Pacific where women are smoking almost as much as men. (Garrett) . (Schemer, Ron ). Europe may be leading the efforts to stamp out smoking in public places . Pipe have been studying and it shows that teens smoking rate is very high to . But there losing at trying to get the teens to stop smoking most teens are doing it because other people are doing and they want fit in . The U. S. Is trying to promote smokers to stop by putting up signs and commercials and APS this way will get teens attention more . Over the next 10 years most scientists are researching polonium in cigarettes and the radioisotope . The people that seal cigarettes are trying to get out they contract on smoking because the see how bad it’s hurting people and how unhealthy it is . Smokers show that symptoms of addiction suck as withdrawal ,craving ,failed attempts to stop happen in the first week of smoking the percent of smoking went from 25 percent to 35 These results reside the question about nicotine from just one cigarette can mess up and alter your brain to trigger and addiction -when people try to interview the makers of cigarettes they don’t have comments on the subject or say the same thing you can always stop smoking. Tobacco use is a world wide epidemic that effects different genders,races and age group, Ones experience hits close to home. When MS pots was 22 in college she was pledging. She had to give cigarettes out to the big sisters in her sorority. As she keep selling them she began to smoke them her self,she thought if she would do it she would be cool. In 201 1 she was diagnosed with COPED which stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She had to walk around with a oxygen tank On her back for two years. She tried multiply times to stop she tried a peal called Chianti for two months but that didn’t work. On October 1 2010 she feel on her knees to God and asked him to please take the taste away from her. Since the she has never put a cigarette in her mouth since then. There are many possible solutions to kicking the habit of smoking like; raising prices of cigarettes,banning CIA ret ads,restricting advertisement to youth ,tougher laws on marketing,reduction of tar and nicotine levels,stop attraction of cigarettes . How to cite Tobacco use esay, Papers

Unsinkable titanic Essay Example For Students

Unsinkable titanic Essay In this essay I am going to explain about how a 1945 audience would have reacted to a play called the an inspector calls set in 1912. My initial point of view to why JB Priestly set his play in 1912 was due to everything that had occurred in the time span from 1912 and 1945 which included both world wars the sinking of the unsinkable titanic and the British strikes. The reason for why I find it so important for the play to be set in such a time is because a 1912 audience may think the play is normal and wouldnt understand the whole meaning of what JB Priestly is trying to put forward, although as the play is set after all these disasters, nearly every one in the 1945 audience could relate their personal life to the play due to the majority of people in 1945 having lost somebody close to them due to the World Wars also the audience would be able to differentiate the factors of society and how unfair it was due to social barriers being created. My interpretation for why JB Priestly wrote the play was for him to put forward his ideas on how unfair society was. He wanted more equality for the lower classes so that everyone should not look after him or herself but help each other, resulting in everyone having a decent standard of living. The reaction of a 1945 audience may consist of confusion at first and then unexpectedness of the fact that the normal stereotype of a play called An inspector calls would consist of a murder and then an enquiry and investigation although this incorporates a story of a successful family who are celebrating an engagement. Then incomes a very mysterious detective who makes it very obvious that he wants to be anonymous especially when he announces his name as Mr Goole. This primarily arouses a lot of suspicion as the name Goole can be associated with ghosts or spirits. As well as this, the play creates a lot of dramatic irony due to Mr Birling portraying to everyone that he knows everything like there wont be a war and the strikes will be over and that they have past the worst of it, I personally find that this may be true for a lot of upper class citizens at the time of 1912 but in 1945 this would be seen as poposterous. Also a lot of views are expressed. I find that JB Priestly attempts to inserts part of his views in the play to show that every body should be looking after everybody. I seem to find that JB Priestly represents him self as the inspector so he could speak to the audience via the inspector and make sure hes grabbing their attention. As well as this I think that he is trying to make the audience empathise with the main character Eva Smith because she represents normal people of the time who had to suffer throughout the problems of class and society existing too much. JB Priestly also makes Mr Birling a representation of the upper class obnoxious people who rather care more about removing any association of scandal from them even if someone has died in the balance. Mr birling is proven to be very boastful about himself and his status in life like when MR Birling immediately tried to intimidate the inspector when he inserted his authority. For example, Mr Birling first meets the inspector he recognizes the inspector is new and then he puts forward his authority and status and says that I was an olderman for years and lord mayor two years ago so I know the Brumley police officers pretty well here Mr Birling basically implicates that he is a big shot round here and I know youre boss so watch step although it is shown that this type of intimidation or any type of intimidation will not work on the inspector. .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 , .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .postImageUrl , .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 , .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098:hover , .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098:visited , .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098:active { border:0!important; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098:active , .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098 .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4eb137bc8f37ad59bc3db359cd6b098:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Dolls House Central Theme Essay ExampleWithin this play the stage directions have an important role as they show the house of the Birlings to be in suburbs showing its in a middle class area and that it belongs to a prosperous manufacturer. Also it seems to be showing the members of the family to be very pleased with themselves and happy, like Sheila is a very pretty girl and happy with life but later it is shown that she is not so happy. There are other relevant areas which may not be recognized by the audience like the significance of the ringing of the door bell at that particular time right in the middle of Mr Birling speech in which he was explaining that a man has to make his own way and he also said that its as if everybody had to look after everybody else as if we are all mixed up in a beehive and all that nonsense. At this time I can perfectly imagine the audience would be thinking what a load of nonsense after the world wars every on was in a tight knit community in which every body was looking after every body else but I am not sure that all of the audience would understand the significance when the door bell rings straight into his speech which kind of cuts Mr Birling up like its as if the person at the door knew what he was saying and couldnt bear to listen on, this gives an early impression to me and the audience of what may be coming next. My interpretation of what the audience may feel about Mr Birling and his speeches is a person who is selfish and has no respect for others and seems to be too wrapped up in his own world to be bothered to even care about anyone else. Then comes his very confident speeches which for tell the future for the Birlings which is to be very bright and is found to be a very good time to be marrying it is shown that Mr Birling has an answer for everything he has the solutions for all epidemics that may occur in the future Youll hear some people say that wars inevitable. And to that I say-fiddle sticks! here is moment when I can perfectly imagine the audience being dumbfounded because they just lived through two world wars and this man doesnt have a clue he speaks of himself as a hard headed business man, who has to take risks and know what hes about. This to me may show the audience how far they have come and what has now changed because it may seem that the barriers between society have been broken after the wars and Mr Birling philosophy is no longer being preached as everyone did believe in being a in a community where everybody has to look after every body else like bees in a hive.

Cultural conflict Review Essay Example

Cultural conflict Review Paper Essay on Cultural conflict Sentimental genre in modern times booming. Such an abundance of new authors, hitherto unknown name that eyes just run away. Of course, I understand that the amount this is not quality, but by trial and error, I am still looking for its author, who does not simply translate paper, namely to create something worthwhile. And so I got up and creativity Elena Ronin and its collection of cultural conflict. All impressions, according to tradition, at the pros and cons, I report below. Lets start with the title. In general, it has played a key role in the choice of this particular book. Imagination painted a hundred interpretations of the name, which means that it has been selected by more than just successful. Plus. When it comes to the manner of narration, here I was waiting for the first surprise. By the way, very, very nice. From the first page, I was fascinated by literary language used. This, to my great regret, a rarity these days. Most of the authors of the sentimental genre are committed as it is possible to use a perverted Russian language, calling it a modernist or a new trend. Although, in fact, this is a common ignorance. But it is not about them it. Ronin for high-quality narrative put the second plus. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural conflict Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural conflict Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural conflict Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As for the collection, here, for me personally, it is expected first and foremost a disappointment. Yes, all described by the author sets recognizable, and I would even say, painfully familiar. Ronin was not engaged in reinventing the wheel, but simply describes a simple, and at times even very simple stories of life. It would seem that it is good, read it yourself, without straining your brain. However, here it is a passive reading, even at the n-th minute starts quietly annoying. I agree that the work Ronin clean, free from now fashionable cult action scenes or the abundance of nude. But it is not just pure fiction, it is sterile. Sickeningly delicate and gentle to shiver, firmly obey the moral described. After reading, you develop a strong feeling that the author is still retained a childlike and unsophisticated plain view and the feeling of this world. This is not a bad thing, but in the literature, and especially in the collection of diverse stories I want to at least some move ment, though some are not forced a bleached morality. For me, its a minus, and very significant. With such a high-quality manner submission of their ideas, I want to and quality of the plot. To each successive story was read avidly, to have something to take home. And that is something that was not intrusive good, namely, moral life. Wherefore I put two minuses one after the monotony of action, for the second -. Excessive simplicity and kindness pesky pins The decisive plus, and it is the third, I would like to put behind the story Musician. It was he who touched me deeply, and that is what I inadvertently reread several times. In summary, I can say that until I developed a certain impression about the work of this author. On the way, another book, yet she was already in the next time. And for the cultural conflict 3 on a 5-point scale. All interested pleasant reading!

buy custom Causes Bullying essay

buy custom Causes Bullying essay There are a number of factors which have been associated with causing bullying to take place. The factors can be categorized in the following manner: Family Factors The family setting and rearing of children has been under scrutiny as one of the causes of bullying. Though it might not be evident to the parents as such, it has been argued that the way a child is reared determines the kind of characters he/she acquires when she grows up to be old (school aged in this context).it has been argued that poor parenting is majorly the cause of bullying. Bad parenting practices will include lack of attention towards the children as they are growing up. Poor supervision of children leads to poor modeling which enhances the fostering of aggressive behavior (Patterson, DeBaryshe Ramsey, 1989; Loeber Stouthamer-Loeber, 1986; and Olweus, 1993). It is argued that when parent used harsh verbal language towards their children or even abuse the children physical, they instill some hatred and violent spirit with their minds which likely explodes when they come in contact with other children who can not protect themselves against the bullies. It is argued that ev en in the case of both parents arguing and using aggressive words towards each other the aggressive behavior is transferred to the children. According to Jaffe, Wolfe and Wilson (1990). The connection between witnessing wife assault by children, particularly male children, and bully behavior by children toward peers, has not been well studied, but studies do indicate that aggressive behavior of all kinds is elevated in children who witness violence by their father toward their mother. (Jaffe, Wolfe and Wilson, p. 57) The family by all means forms the basic foundation for the kind of a behavior that a child can acquire. Parents have a duty to bring up their children with love and help them not develop aggressive behaviors as they grow up towards the age of school going. It should be noted that the modern family has very busy parents and many are the moments that the children are left at the hands of the house-helps. This trait is likely to lead to developmnt of unbecoming behaviors for the children as they are supervised. At times there are traits which children might develop on their own. Such traits have been classified under the individual factors below. Individual factors It is argued that there are factors such as temperament which are independent of family upbringing. One of the well documented individual factors in the concept of children is temperament: Temperament refers to basic tendencies by children to develop certain personality styles and interpersonal behaviors (ASAP par. 6). It has been observed that being active and impulsive in temperament inclines one more to being bully (Loeber and Dishion, 1983). It has also been seen observed that, With boys, physical strength compared to age peers also seems to be a characteristic which is associated with bullying, although of course there are many strong, physically adept boys who never bully (ASAP, par. 6). School Factors The schools context can not be ignored because it the environment where bullying takes place. Two factors which are quite significant are the social context and the supervision level at the school.It is believed that with appropriate supervision, intervention and climate in a school (ASAP, par. 9) it is possible to control bullying to a great extent. The supervision levels are determinant of whether bullying takes places in a school environment or not. Close supervision of the school environment will create an environment where bullying will not be conducive to take place. Areas which ought to be well supervised are especially the playgrounds, and the hallways (Espelage Swearer 2004). The adults in the school setting are important as their intervention will help to reduce the incidences of bullying. If the adults will be able to intervene appropriately in cases of bullying then cases of bullying are likely to reduce. The school administration has a duty to make the social environment at the school to be warm and one in which all the students find acceptance by all the others without necessarily giving room for discrimination to take place. The teachers should cultivvate good relations with the entire student body to make it easy for the students who are bullied to report to the teachers for assistance. The teacher should discourage the habit of bullying by all means and should enact policies which discourage bullying. The policies should be enforced and should never be comprised. Compromising will allow bullying to flourish but strict rules with effectively curb the behavior. The school be the biggest single place where bullying can take place, there is need for c ooperation of the school body to ensure that all students are properly checked out (Sadock, Kaplan Sadock, 2007). For bullying to be curbed there needs to be cooperation from all the parties involved. It has been observed that the family setting, individual factors and the school setting all can contribute to fostering bullying. The parents have a duty to bring up their children in the right way and teach them social skills and how they can coexist with each other in harmony. Children brought in such a manner will not be very hard to handle at the school level because they will children who are well mannered and cultured up well. The school administration also needs to ensure that the school environment does not in any way act as a safe haven for those who wish bully others. It is the duty of the school administration to ensure that all its environs is safe for all the students. The victims ought to be free and cases of bullying at the times when such occur. This will make it possible to uproot bullying from schools and make the schools a safe place for all the school aged children (Pepler, Crai g, Ziegler, Charach, 1994; Smith, Pepler, Rigby, 2004). Conclusion Bullying comes into play due to a number of factors which balances out to make bullying possible. Bad upbringing is viewed as a major reason. Other reasons include individual factors and the school. It has been shown to be possible to control bullying through the cooperation of the school administration and the parents. The parents have a duty to present an upright child to the school administration and in return the school administration has a duty to ensure that the environment that the children operate is free of bullying. Buy custom Causes Bullying essay

A comparing and contrasting paper about the work,lives and the impact Research

A comparing and contrasting about the work,lives and the impact on society of Kate Chopin and Winslow Homer - Research Paper Example However, the standard for a piece of work to qualify as art is the essence of aesthetics in the work. For instance, when a painter derives his imagination in the form of a painting, or an actor presents his work on a stage drama, or a writer consummates his feelings in the form of a story, these are all forms of art, and those producing such work with a sense of aesthetics are the artists. In this context, both Kate Chopin and Winslow Homer are distinguished artists in their respective fields with valuable contributions in the field. Kate Chopin was an American story writer and novelist, whose work consists of feminist elements. Her stories were targeted for almost all age groups, particularly for children, and were often published in magazines like the Atlantic Monthly and The Century Magazine. Her work led towards the attainment of the St Louis Walk of Fame Award for her diverse array of publications during the era (Tothe 1990). On the other hand, Winslow Homer was an American Landscape painter and also a printmaker. Working as a commercial illustrator, he eventually took up oil painting to produce studio work seeking advantage of the weight and density of the medium he was using. Later, he also utilized water colors for producing paintings and other studio works. One of his earliest works includes the painting of Prisoners from the front which was exhibited in Pari s. The main subject of interest was the life of the peasants and indulged into the marine themed paintings once he moved to Maine (Goodriche 1959). The greatest achievement of his work tends to be the commemorative stamp released by the US post office to honor his art. Though both the artists have immense contributions in the field of art during the initial phase of the twentieth century, yet their works differ to a large extent. On one hand where Chopin`s work focused on contemporary yet typical themes like

240 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

240 - Essay Example George needed his son to aid him construct a new house during the summer. However, due to their strained relationship, Sam makes it his mission not to aid his father with the house’s construction George presents himself badly to his neighbours. For instance, during the first scenes, George is shown peeing into the ocean. Subsequently Alyssa and her mom Coleen see him naked. Consequently, Coleen gets mad or angry and goes to inform him that she (Coleen) does not like it when George pees in front of her daughter. Sam had an inadequate or wanting self-concept and identity. However, George considered himself to be an architectural models fabricator who is excellent at his work. Initially, George and Sam present themselves to other people poorly. Sam for instance is a drug addict who tries to be a male prostitute. This image portrays them negatively to other people. In the movie life house, George, Sam, peter and robin had poor communication skills. As such, they communicated poorly with one another. Undoubtedly, good communication is an essential element for any relationship to be successful. Poor communication led to George and robin breaking up. Additionally, the same element of poor communication led peter and robin to grow apart while Sam despised them all. Therefore, the barriers to communication between George and his Sam were many. First, distance acted as the primary barrier to effective communication. Sam and his father George were separated and lived in different areas. For instance, Sam lived with his mother and stepfather while his father lived alone. Distance made them to communicate or interact less often. Secondly, attitudinal barriers prevented Sam form interacting with his father. Attitudinal barriers are as a result of the receiver of the message letting his or her attitude get in the way of the message (Bolton 2009). Attitud inal barriers can also be simply explained as an unwillingness to communicate. For instance, Sam

Science of Babies Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Science of Babies - Lab Report Example It has been noted that there are some of the things which, babies are good at doing than adults. These ranges from basic statistical formulations, faster learning about the world and the environment. In contrary, adults are good in planning than babies. It is not necessary for the parents to be smart to help their children in learning, but it depends on the child. Recognition of babies can assist psychologists in finding out responses to some questions regarding imaginations, morality, love, truth and consciousness. In most cases, these things affect the way people operate  in their adult lives. It, therefore becomes of much significance to be known at the earlier stage of life.  This report has implications emanating from the complexity in which the human brain can change making it hard to have certainty. According to the above  findings, babies  should have maximum freedom  and space to play because this is the only way they  can  learn faster. There should be supportive environment with resources in place to ensure that babies have clear space to

Medical Image Fusion Based on Joint Sparse Method

Medical Image Fusion Based on Joint Sparse Method I. INTRODUCTION From the identical scene number of images can be obtained concurrently by utilizing dissimilar sensors. Using the many sensors to identify the picture complete of scene from the obtained images is highly impossible. For this here using image fusion algorithm it will accept the mixing of multiple obtained images to produce number of useful complex image integrating the opposite information from the many sensors, yet, they are out of boundary and of dissimilar declaration. In medical diagnosis we will find the medical imaging. After completing the diagnosis the imaging movements are like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) it will gives dissimilar view in the same scene, which can be delay clinical decision making and the diagnostic process. For example MRI gives the perspectives of soft materials, while CT for bone structures evaluation. For accurate diagnosis this inspires the necessary for image fusion by combining the reciprocal information. Three problems to be notified while fusing the images [1] are: 1) the fused image should preserve all the important information needed for further processing. 2) Artifacts should not be introduced in fused image. 3) Noise and unimportant information should be suppressed. Several dissimilar Greedy approaches using the sparse representation of the signal this signal is presently possible [3], Sparse representation of signals is now possible utilizing many different Greedy approaches [3], including: 1. Matching Pursuit (MP) [3] 2. Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) [3], and 3.Stage wise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (St OMP) [4]. These techniques are used to represent signals with the fewest number of non-zero coefficients. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [5] is one of the powerful state-of-the-art image fusion approaches in terms of visual inspection and quantitative evaluation metrics. This fusion is carried out by integrating the principal components of images to be fused. Both PCA and Sparse fusion have specific advantages and disadvantages. PCA fusion will enhance the spatial quality but have dense nonzero entries that might represent uninformative features. Sparse fusion preserves important information but high spatial resolution is lacking. This paper proposes a new algorithm inspired by [6], which employs different fusion rules for common and innovative sparse comp onents of the source images. The proposed algorithm utilizes the advantages of both PCA and Sparse representation for fusing common and innovative features of the captured images. This algorithm also overcomes the disadvantages of both PCA and Sparse representation. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method by comparing its results with PCA and Sparse Fusion. II. SYSTEM DESIGN As discussed in the previous section, sparsest approximation is achieved through Greedy methods. In this section, we briefly explore the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm to achieve sparsest representation. These sparse coding algorithms are constructed based on the premise that Dictionary D of size nÃâ€"k is already known. For effective results, we use phase included DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) dictionary [7] for our experiment. In this paper, we have customized OMP sparse coding algorithm for fusion purposes. The ultimate aim of OMP algorithm is to achieve best approximation. The mathematical formula for solving this constraint problem is given by: (1) (2) Where N is the number of non-zero coefficients. Equation 2 represents the definition for solving error constrained problem. Next atom to be added in this iterative framework is the atom which has highest correlation to the residual at each stage. Iteration is performed until it meets the stopping criterion. OMP is due to orthogonalization between atoms in the dictionary D and residual r. Pseudo Algorithm of OMP Given: Dictionary D, signal S, and error threshold à Ã‚ µ Initialize residual r0=S-Ds0, index set I0={} and main iteration is k = k+1 (initial k=0). Using the ideal solution à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ §Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- = à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¸Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å"−1/, Calculate the error (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-) = for all i. Update stage: Augmenting the index set à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å" = à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å"−1 ∠ª {à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-0} (find i0 of (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-): ∀1 ≠¤ à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- ≠¤ à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¡ and (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-0) ≠¤ (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-). Update the solution (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-0)+= à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ §Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- and residual. If stopping criterion is met, à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   = à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å"; else, apply another iteration. III. PROPOSED SCHEME This work proposes a fusion method that employs PCA transformation and sparse transformation. An attempt is made to efficiently utilize the advantages of PCA and Sparse fusion scheme. The proposed fusion framework has been illustrated in Fig.1. Firstly, the common and innovative components are extracted from geometrically aligned multiple images of the same scene. Secondly, different fusion rules are adopted to fuse these coefficients. The algorithm is summarized as follows: 1) Registered multiple images in an ensemble have one common component and multiple innovative components. Innovative components contain the complementary information from different images of same scene 2) Innovative components of different images i are decomposed into sparse vectors s1,s2,s3,†¦si via orthogonal matching pursuit method described in Figure.1. Fig.1. Flow of Sparse PCA joint fusion algorithm 3) Combine the sparse coefficients of innovative components using PCA fusion rule, for which the covariance matrix s C of innovative images is calculated as follows, (3) Where s1,s2 are the sparse vectors of the innovative components. Find the Eigen sparse and normalized Eigen sparse vector of maximum Eigen value. Eigen vector will be used as weightings for innovative sparse vectors to be fused. 4) Fused PCA result Ip is reshaped into a block of 8Ãâ€"8 and each pixel position is the sum of several block values. Reconstructed image is obtained by dividing each pixel by number of addition operations performed at each pixel. 5) For fusing common component and fused innovative component, the fuse rule of weighted average scheme proposed by Burt et al. [2] is adopted. IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS In order to test the performance of the proposed joint fusion algorithm, we compared the quantitative and qualitative results with two state the of art methods. Qualitative measurement is done through visual inspection that considers sharpness and noise suppression. Since the proposed joint fusion uses both PCA and sparse domain, we use PCA, Sparse OMP fusion methods for comparison. For the evaluation, we adopted proposed joint strategy for Multi resolution, Multi focus and Multimode images and compared the results with existing algorithms. Our experiment is carried out with the assumption that the source images are registered already. Fig. 2, shows results of fusion for the case of multi focus images. Based on visual inspection, The Joint PCA Sparse algorithm performs the best since the resultant image contain more geometric structures while sparse fusion comes the second. Result of proposed method seems to contain sharp edges. Fig.3, illustrates results of fusion of mutli dosage image results based on three different fusion algorithms. Low dose image seems to suffer from patchiness. As it can be observed, visually, Joint Sparse result shows the details clearly than the Low dose image. Visually, joint fusion resultant seems to be better than other 2 methods. Increasing the dosage might reduce the noise but harm patients. Low dose images are prone to noise. Fusing low dose and medium dose image should suppress the noise and enhance the informative details for precise diagnosis. Fig.4, illustrates the results of applying two multi modal medical images to three image fusion algorithms. The medical images are MRI and CT image of same scene which have been registered already. CT image provides the information on bone structures and MRI image contains tissue information. Medical image fusion needs great accuracy as it’s used for diagnosis. Hence, multimodal image fusion would give sufficient details necessary for diagnosis. Based on the visual inspection, the Joint Sparse results contain more detail information. Results of PCA seem to have high spatial resolution but they are disappointing in terms of detailed information. Bone details are not visible in PCA resultant image. Sparse result is better but some artifacts are easily observed Reconstructing fused image through joint fusion algorithms seems to be more precise comparatively. In order to analyze the quality of the algorithms quantitatively, we consider 5 metrics: Mutual Information (MI), PSNR, Correlation, Entropy and Structural Similarity (SSIM) index. Mutual Information shows how much information has been transferred from source images to the resultant images. Entropy shows the amount of important details available in the image. PSNR is Peak Signal to Noise Ration which is used to measure the reconstruction quality of fused image. PSNR of the fused image If is calculated using the standard formula: (4) Where M is the maximum possible pixel value of the image and MSE is the Mean Square error. The SSIM [8] provides structural information of objects and measures the similarity between the two images. Experiment results are shown in Table.1. Tabulated result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm over existing methods in terms of Qualitative and Quantitative methodologies. We can observe that the results of multimodal image fusion and multi focus image fusion utilizing our proposed fusion strategy outperforms PCA and Sparse fusion. The PCA by itself performs poorer results for all cases. Table 1 Performance Of Fusion Methods By The Quality Evaluation Metrics Image Type Fusion Stratergy PSNR(db) Mutual Information Entropy Correlation SSIM Multi focus Joint PCA Sparse 34.1742 2.1733 7.3656 0.9990 1.000 PCA 31.6321 2.0177 7.2607 0.9981 0.9999 OMP fusion 32.3392 2.0606 7.3654 0.9981 1.000 Multi dose Joint PCA Sparse 25.2115 0.7887 4.8643 0.9997 1 PCA 22.6994 0.7638 4.7905 0.9991 0.9997 OMP fusion 24.4680 0.7794 4.7937 0.9995 0.9998 Multimodal(MRICT) Joint PCA Sparse 26.4111 0.9634 6.7409 0.9403 .9977 PCA 20.8380 0.8096 6.5502 0.8690 .9919 OMP fusion 24.8056 0.9940 6.7376 0.8985 .9975 V. CONCLUSION Medical Image fusion plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. In this paper, a joint fusion modal is proposed based on sparse representation theory and PCA for multimodal and multi dose medical images. Visually and quantitatively, the experimental results show that the proposed method has effectively expressed the geometric structures and edges and has proved to perform better than PCA and OMP fusion. This modal can also be extended to fuse multiple source images from multi resolution, multiple spectral frequencies and multiple modalities. REFERENCES [1] S.G. Nikolov., P.R. Hill., D.R. Bull., C.N. Canagarajah.Wavelets for image fusion, A. Petrosian, F. Meyer (Eds.), Wavelets in Signal and Image Analysis, Computational Imaging and Vision Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2001). pp. 213–244. [2]P. Burt, R. Kolczynski, Enhanced image capture through fusion, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Vision, 1993, pp. 173-182. [3] L. Rebolloà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Neira and D. Lowe, Optimized orthogonal matching pursuit approach, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, pp.137–140, 2002. [4] D. Donoho and Y. Tsaig, Sparse solutions of underdetermined linear equations by stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit, Stanford University, Tech. report 2006. [5] M. R.Metwalli, A. H. Nasr, O. S. Farag Allah, and S. El-Rabaie†Image fusion based on Principal Component Analysis and High-pass Filter†, Proceedings of the IEEE/ ICCES 2009 international Conference, DEC. 14-16, 2009, pp. 63-70. [6] H. Yin, S. Li,†Multimodal image fusion with joint sparsity model†, Opt Eng., 50(6), (2011). [7] Z. Sadeghipour, M. Babaie-Zadeh, and C. Jutten, An adaptive thresholding approach for image denoising using redundant representations, IEEE international workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, 2009, pp. 1-6. [8] Zhou Wang, Alan C. Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh and Eero P. Simoncelli, â€Å"Image Quality Assessment: From Error Visibility to Structural Similarity†, IEEE transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, April 2004.

Free Essays - Psychological Analysis of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Free Essay Writer

Psychological Analysis of Young Goodman Brown Most of the works can be analyzed by one of the three critical approaches: traditional, formalistic or psychological approach. When it comes to Young Goodman Brown (by Nathaniel Hawthorne), I think that psychological approach is the best one to use. The story is all about the three components of our unconscious (id, ego and superego) and the constant battle among them. It is true that psychological approach has its flaws. It was criticized unjustly for those flaws. The greatest limitation lies in its "aesthetic inadequacy." It also suffered because many critics of this approach tend to push their thesis overboard. However, the other two approaches have inadequacies of their own. The formalistic disregards the sociological and historical aspects of the related work. The traditional neglects the structure of the work itself. We could easily use the historical and the moral approaches, but we cannot get inside of the story and analyze it. Young Goodman Brown is a perfect character for the psychological approach. One can examine his mind and the three components of the unconscious. All three of those are represented in the story. Id is the one that stands out. In the beginning, Brown's id wins a battle over ego and superego when Young Goodman Brown decides to leave his wife Faith in order to meet the Devil. Even though he fears his actions, Goodman Brown goes along with his plan. He wants to fulfill his inner desires (or as Freud calls it: the pleasure principle) no matter what. It is interesting that Freud identifies the id with the Devil himself. Hawthorne uses Young Goodman Brown who is driven by his id to get to the Devil. Once Brown encounters the Devil in the forest, he starts to get to his senses. The psychological approach analyzes this occurrence as the emergence of the latent unconscious (Freud calls is the preconscious). I was shocked when I read that Goodman Brown resembles the Devil. "In truth, all through the haunted forest there could be nothing more frightful than the figure of Goodman Brown. On he flew among the black pines, brandishing his staff with frenzied gestures, now giving vent to an inspiration of horrid blasphemy, and now shouting forth such laughter as set all the echoes of the forest laughing like demons around him.

Ed Philosophy Essay

Philosophy of education can refer to either the academic field of applied philosophy or to one of any educational philosophies that promote a specific type or vision of education, and/or which examine the definition, goals and meaning of education. As an academic field, philosophy of education is â€Å"the philosophical study of education and its problems†¦ its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy†. [1] â€Å"The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims, forms, methods, or results of the process of educating or being educated; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts, aims, and methods of the discipline. â€Å"[2] As such, it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy, drawing from fields of metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches (speculative, prescriptive, and/or analytic) to address questions in and about pedagogy, education policy, and curriculum, as well as the process of learning, to name a few. [3] For example, it might study what constitutes upbringing and education, the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between educational theory and practice. Instead of being taught in philosophy departments, philosophy of education is usually housed in departments or colleges of education, similar to how philosophy of law is generally taught in law schools. [1] The multiple ways of conceiving education coupled with the multiple fields and approaches of philosophy make philosophy of education not only a very diverse field but also one that is not easily defined. Although there is overlap, philosophy of education should not be conflated with educational theory, which is not defined specifically by the application of philosophy to questions in education. Philosophy of education also should not be confused with philosophy education, the practice of teaching and learning the subject of philosophy. Philosophy of education can also be understood not as an academic discipline but as a normative educational theory that unifies pedagogy, curriculum, learning theory, and the purpose of education and is grounded in specific metaphysical, epistemological, and axiological assumptions. These theories are also called educational philosophies. For example, a teacher might be said to follow a perennialist educational philosophy or to follow a perennialist philosophy of education. Contents * 1 Philosophy of Education * 1. 1 Idealism * 1. 1. 1 Plato * 1. 1. 2 Immanuel Kant * 1. 1. 3 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel * 1. 2 Realism * 1. 2. 1 Aristotle * 1. 2. 2 Avicenna * 1. 2. 3 Ibn Tufail * 1. 2. 4 John Locke * 1. 2. 5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau * 1. 2. 6 Mortimer Jerome Adler * 1. 2. 7 Harry S. Broudy * 1. 3 Scholasticism * 1. 3. 1 Thomas Aquinas * 1. 3. 2 John Milton * 1. 4 Pragmatism * 1. 4. 1 John Dewey * 1. 4. 2 William James * 1. 4. 3 William Heard Kilpatrick * 1. 4. 4 Nel Noddings * 1. 4. 5 Richard Rorty * 1. 5 Analytic Philosophy * 1. 5. 1 Richard Stanley Peters * 1. 5. 2 Paul H. Hirst * 1. 6 Existentialism * 1. 6. 1 Karl Jaspers * 1. 6. 2 Martin Buber * 1. 6. 3 Maxine Greene * 1. 7 Critical Theory * 1. 7. 1 Paulo Freire * 1. 8 Postmodernism * 1. 8. 1 Martin Heidegger * 1. 8. 2 Hans-Georg Gadamer * 1. 8. 3 Jean-Francois Lyotard * 1. 8. 4 Michel Foucault * 2 Normative Educational Philosophies * 2. 1 Perennialism * 2. 1. 1 Allan Bloom * 2. 2 Progressivism * 2. 2. 1 Jean Piaget * 2. 2. 2 Jerome Bruner * 2. 3 Essentialism * 2. 3. 1 William Chandler Bagley * 2. 4 Social Reconstructionism and Critical Pedagogy * 2. 4. 1 George Counts * 2. 4. 2 Maria Montessori * 2. 5 Waldorf * 2. 5. 1 Rudolf Steiner * 2. 6 Democratic Education * 2. 6. 1 A. S. Neill * 2. 7 Classical Education * 2. 7. 1 Charlotte Mason * 2. 8 Unschooling * 2. 8. 1 John Holt * 2. 8. 2 Contemplative education * 3 Professional organizations and associations * 4 References * 5 Further reading * 6 External links| Philosophy of Education Idealism Plato Inscribed herma of Plato. (Berlin, Altes Museum). Main article: Plato Date: 424/423 BC – 348/347 BC Plato’s educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic, wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society. He advocated removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, with great care being taken to differentiate children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. Education would be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, and music and art, which he considered the highest form of endeavor. Plato believed that talent was distributed non-genetically and thus must be found in children born in any social class. He builds on this by insisting that those suitably gifted are to be trained by the state so that they may be qualified to assume the role of a ruling class. What this establishes is essentially a system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are, by virtue of their education (and inborn educability), sufficient for healthy governance. Plato’s writings contain some of the following ideas: Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18, followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified. While elementary education made the soul responsive to the environment, higher education helped the soul to search for truth which illuminated it. Both boys and girls receive the same kind of education. Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics, designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person. At the age of 20, a selection was made. The best one would take an advanced course in mathematics, geometry, astronomy and harmonics. The first course in the scheme of higher education would last for ten years. It would be for those who had a flair for science. At the age of 30 there would be another selection; those who qualified would study dialectics and metaphysics, logic and philosophy for the next five years. They would study the idea of good and first principles of being. After accepting junior positions in the army for 15 years, a man would have completed his theoretical and practical education by the age of 50. Immanuel Kant Main article: Immanuel Kant Date: 1724–1804 Immanuel Kant believed that education differs from training in that the latter involves thinking whereas the former does not. In addition to educating reason, of central importance to him was the development of character and teaching of moral maxims. Kant was a proponent of public education and of learning by doing. [4] Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Main article: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Date: 1770–1831 Realism Aristotle Bust of Aristotle. Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by Lysippos from 330 B. C. Main article: Aristotle Date: 384 BC – 322 BC Only fragments of Aristotle’s treatise On Education are still in existence. We thus know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works. Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education. [1] Thus, for example, he considered repetition to be a key tool to develop good habits. The teacher was to lead the student systematically; this differs, for example, from Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas (though the comparison is perhaps incongruous since Socrates was dealing with adults). Aristotle placed great emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught. Subjects he explicitly mentions as being important included reading, writing and mathematics; music; physical education; literature and history; and a wide range of sciences. He also mentioned the importance of play. One of education’s primary missions for Aristotle, perhaps its most important, was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis. All who have meditated on the art of governing mankind have been convinced that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth. [2] Avicenna Main article: Avicenna Date: 980 AD – 1037 AD In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was known as a maktab, which dates back to at least the 10th century. Like madrasahs (which referred to higher education), a maktab was often attached to a mosque. In the 11th century, Ibn Sina (known as Avicenna in the West), wrote a chapter dealing with the maktab entitled â€Å"The Role of the Teacher in the Training and Upbringing of Children†, as a guide to teachers working at maktab schools. He wrote that children can learn better if taught in classes instead of individual tuition from private tutors, and he gave a number of reasons for why this is the case, citing the value of competition and emulation among pupils as well as the usefulness of group discussions and debates. Ibn Sina described the curriculum of a maktab school in some detail, describing the curricula for two stages of education in a maktab school. [5] Ibn Sina wrote that children should be sent to a maktab school from the age of 6 and be taught primary education until they reach the age of 14. During which time, he wrote that they should be taught the Qur’an, Islamic metaphysics, language, literature, Islamic ethics, and manual skills (which could refer to a variety of practical skills). [5] Ibn Sina refers to the secondary education stage of maktab schooling as the period of specialization, when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status. He writes that children after the age of 14 should be given a choice to choose and specialize in subjects they have an interest in, whether it was reading, manual skills, literature, preaching, medicine, geometry, trade and commerce, craftsmanship, or any other subject or profession they would be interested in pursuing for a future career. He wrote that this was a transitional stage and that there needs to be flexibility regarding the age in which pupils graduate, as the student’s emotional development and chosen subjects need to be taken into account. [6] The empiricist theory of ‘tabula rasa’ was also developed by Ibn Sina. He argued that the â€Å"human intellect at birth is rather like a tabula rasa, a pure potentiality that is actualized through education and comes to know† and that knowledge is attained through â€Å"empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts† which is developed through a â€Å"syllogistic method of reasoning; observations lead to prepositional statements, which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts. † He further argued that the intellect itself â€Å"possesses levels of development from the material intellect (al-‘aql al-hayulani), that potentiality that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-‘aql al-fa‘il), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge. â€Å"[7]

ESL Lesson Plan Intensive Reading Exercise

ESL Lesson Plan Intensive Reading Exercise The following lesson focuses on reading intensively, in other words, understanding every word. Generally, teachers tend to ask students to read quickly for a general understanding. This method of reading is called extensive reading and is very helpful in getting students to deal with large chunks of information. However, at times students do need to understand details and this is when intensive reading is appropriate. Aim Developing intensive reading skills, vocabulary improvements concerning fine differences between related vocabulary terms Activity Intensive reading exercise in which each sentence must be read very carefully to discover mistakes and inconsistencies of syntax Level Upper-intermediate Outline Discuss different types of reading skills with students: Extensive reading: reading for pleasure with emphasis on general understandingIntensive reading: reading carefully for an exact understanding of text. Necessary for contracts, legal documentation, application forms, etc.Skimming: quickly looking through text to get an idea of what the text concerns. Used when reading magazines, newspaper articles etc.Scanning: locating specific information in a text. Usually used in timetables, charts, etc. Ask students to give examples of when they employ the various reading skills. This part of the discussion can serve to raise awareness concerning the fact that it is not always necessary to understand every word. Pass out handout and have students get into groups of 3-4. Ask students to read one sentence of the stories at a time and decide what is wrong with the sentences in terms of vocabulary (contradictions). Follow-up with a class discussion about the various problems with the text. Have students get back into their groups and try to substitute appropriate vocabulary for the incongruencies. As homework, ask students to write their own Whats Wrong? story which will then be exchanged with other students as a follow-up activity to the lesson in the next class period. What's Wrong? This exercise focuses on intensive reading. Read one sentence at a time and find the inappropriate vocabulary mistake or contradiction. All errors are in the choice of vocabulary NOT in grammar. Jack Forest is a baker who always provides his customers with tough meat. Last Tuesday, Mrs Brown came into the shop and asked for three fillets of brown bread. Unfortunately, Jack only had two fillets remaining. He excused Mrs Brown and promised her that he would have too much bread the next time she came. Mrs Brown, being a reliable customer, assured Jack that she would return. Later that day, Jack was sealing the shop when he the phone sang. It was Mrs Brown requiring if Jack had baked another slice of brown bread. Jack said, As a matter of truth, I burnt some extra loaves a few hours ago. Would you like me to bring one buy?. Mrs Brown said she would and so Jack got into his bike and road to Mrs Browns to deliver the third pound of brown toast.My favorite reptile is the Cheetah. It is truly an amazing creature which can trot at a top speed of 60 m.p.h.! Ive always wanted to go to the cool planes of Africa to see the Cheetah in action. I imagine it would be a disappointing experien ce looking at those Cheetah run. A few weeks ago, I was watching a National Geographic special on the radio and my wife said, Why dont we go to Africa next summer?. I hopped for joy! Thats a lousy idea!, I stated. Well, next week our plain leaves for Africa and I can hardly imagine that we are going to Africa at first. Frank Sinatra was an infamous singer, known throughout the world. He was a novice at singing in the crooning style. During the 50s and 60s grunge music was very popular throughout clubs in the US. Las Vegaswas one of Frank Sinatras favorite squares to sing. He often traveled into Las Vegas from his hut in the woods to perform in the evening. Audiences inevitably booed as he sang encore after encore to the delight of international fans from around the county.

Solutions to Nuclear Power Pla essays

Solutions to Nuclear Power Pla essays Solutions to Nuclear Power Plant Security Twenty-three percent of Americans think that nuclear power plants are the most likely targets for a future attack on American soil (Lake 1). The lack of security protecting our nations nuclear power plants is alarming. The only way to solve this problem is to upgrade the types of weapons used to protect the plants, better training, less work hours for the guards, update the design basis threat, and have nuclear security controlled by an independent government agency. One of the biggest problems in security is that the guards are not able to use a wider range of weapons. The type of weapons the guards use is vastly inferior to the weapons that terrorist are known to use. This is mostly to blame because some states have laws that restrict the kind of weapons and the ammunitions that can be carried by the private security personnel that protect the plants (POGO 3). The NRC, according to Meserve, have asked the states to give the security staff at the nuclear plants more leeway on the types of weapons they can use to protect the facilities (qtd. in Llanos 3). The guards should have access to a wider range of weapons to use like those terrorists are known to use like automatic weapons, M-16s, and grenades. This would create a more even situation between the security guards and the intruders The wider range of weapons would not be beneficial if the guards did not get the proper amount of training. The guards that are protecting the nations power plants are not being trained in using their weapons effectively. The NRCs says that, Each Tactical Response Team member shall requalify at least once every 12 months (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 73.46 2). This is all the training that the guards get is this once a year reunification, according to two former Seabrook guards they only received four days of tactical training, and three day...

Should we celebrate or mourn the demise of architectural utopianism Essay

Should we celebrate or mourn the demise of architectural utopianism - Essay Example Tafuri and La Penta identify with the benefits of elimination of utopia particularly due the fact that architecture will be purified and devoid of worthlessness occasioned by utopia. The position of the authors is a celebration of elimination of utopia since there will be more contributions to wholesome and quality architecture. â€Å"It’s possible to argue over the appropriate terminology for this stuff. Some have floated Iconism, Neo-Modernism, and Bilbaoism. I prefer to call it Pseudomodernism, a modernism of concealment, a stylistic shell left after all the original social and moral ideas have been stripped out.†2 In the words of Hatherley, the architectural world ought to be saddened and grieved by the marked loss of vital content to design amid elimination of utopianism. The author laments of the emptiness of ideas that rather capture the society moral and social values in architectural style. Since antiquity, utopia has characterized art in almost every sphere, oral and verbal as well as literal and intellectual. A conglomeration of idealist design from various sectors of the human society for over two millennia now has replaced design with utopia. The description of something as utopian in ordinary language implies some level of impossibility. This is mainly because utopia is likened to unrealistic dream whose actualization remains remote. Over a considerable duration of time, utopian designs have been actualized due to desperation regarding urban space utilization. Calvino likens modern cities to actualized dreams that have evolved in the utopian perspective. The author labels the cities’ design as a fabrication of desires which usually gets accompaniment from unfounded fears. Imagination is the main power behind creativity in utopian designs, which has developed over time to constitute some form of an acceptable practice. Perhaps, the architectural fraternity o ught to make merry on the

English Legal System & Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Legal System & Practice - Essay Example 3) Ordinary words must be construed in their common meaning, and technical terms are to given their technical meaning, unless absurdity would result (golden rule). 4) When an Act has a curing of defect in the law for its purpose, any ambiguity shall be resolved in such a way so as to fulfil that aim (mischief rule). 5) When a list of specific items that belong to the same class is followed by general words, the general words are to be regarded as confined to the other items of the same class (the rule ejusdem generis (â€Å"of the same kind†). 6) When a list of specific items is not followed by general words, it is to be regarded as exhaustive (the rule expressio unius est exclusio alterius (â€Å"the inclusion of the one is the exclusion of the other†). 7) When a prior Act is found to be â€Å"on the like matter†, it can be used as an aid in construing the statute in question (the rule in paru materia, â€Å"on the like matter†). 8) When a word or group o f words has uncertain meaning, its construction should proceed in the light of its surrounding words (the rule noscitur a sociis (â€Å"known by its associates†). (â€Å"Rules and Principles of Statutory Interpretation† 295). In addition to these rules, there exist several general presumptions with regard to interpretation of statutes. The latter are presumed: not to bind the Crown in its decisions; not to operate retrospectively in the sphere of substantive (but not procedural) law; not to infringe upon vested rights; not to interfere with the jurisdiction of the courts; and not to contravene Acts on constitutional rights or norms of international law (â€Å"Rules and Principles of Statutory Interpretation† 295). The aforementioned rules of statutory interpretation may be illustrated by the following examples. In London and North Eastern Railway Co v Berriman (1946) the court decided that the claims of damages by the widow of the railway worker knocked down and killed by a train should not be satisfied as the statute provided that compensation was available to workers killed when engaging in ‘relaying or repairing’ tracks, while the worker in question was involved in doing routine maintenance, which the court deemed not being within the meaning of ‘relaying or repairing’ (Elliott and Quinn 44). This case may be taken as an example of literal rule in practice. The golden rule was used in interpretation of Section 57 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 in R v Allen (1872), when the court ruled that the phrase â€Å"whosoever being married shall marry any other person during the life of former husband or wife... shall be guilty of bigamy† led to the absurd conclusions, as it was impossible for a person already married to ‘marry’ anyone else, and the wording was accordingly changed from ‘shall marry’ to ‘shall go through a marriage ceremony’ (Elliott and Quinn 46) . Finally, the case of L’Office Cherifien des Phosphates Unitramp SA v Yamashita-Shinnihon Steamship Co Ltd (The Boucraa) (1994) demonstrated the application of presumption against retrospective effect in court ruling (Elliott and Quinn 50). This and other cases show how the rules of statutory interpretation are applied in the English case law. 2. The System of Judicial Precedent and the Right of House of Lords not to Be Bound by Its Own Past Decisions The modern English case law grew up out of standardisation of various ‘common laws’ of England undertaken by William the Conqueror in the second half of the 11th

Research Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Research Project - Essay Example tz, 2002), one of the greatest accomplishments at the onset of the 21st century is the continuous pursuit of fitness since the beginning of our existence. Fitness remains to be paramount to health and well-being. In cognizance of the recognized importance of fitness in the life of everyone, fitness centers or health clubs commonly known as a gym emerged almost everywhere. Fitness gyms cater to almost all age groups but usually to teens, adults and even elderly. The Fitness Center is a health, recreational and social facility geared towards exercise, sports and other physical activities. It may be for a for-profit commercial facility or a community or institutionally supported center. A successful facility will accommodate both the serious athlete and the casual recreational user. (Mion, E.G. 2010) It was found that fitness centers in the past 20 years have not only proven to be popular and very much in demand by fitness conscious consumers but also a very profitable business opportunity. There are many aspects to carefully consider prior to starting a fitness center. However, with careful research and proper planning fitness center can be a fabulous business to start, operate, and own not to mention that it also has the potential to be very profitable. Opening a fitness center requires careful planning and research and the following are some aspects of the business that should be considered: Where will the fitness center be located, how much square footage would be required/ focus of the business (caters to all people or one specific group, service (Will the center be full service meaning optional aerobic classes and one-on-one personal training for clients, staff, marketing, competition(How much does the competition charge?). ( Business Idea Center: Fitness Center) The fitness centers shall continue to be a profitable business venture. It may also important to know that top fitness trends for 2011 include fitness programs for older

Pollution Problem Affecting Hong Kong Essay Example for Free

Pollution Problem Affecting Hong Kong Essay Recently, a survey was conducted concerning about the development of Hong Kong and the related air pollution issues over the last twenty years. The survey investigated the Air Pollution Index (API) of different districts in Hong Kong, including Central, Mong Kok, Kowloon City, Tung Chung and Yuen Long. According to the result, API has been growing in Central, Tung Chung and Yuen Long from 1992 to 2012. Meanwhile, the Air Pollution Index of Kowloon City and Mong Kok have been increasing within these ten years. It demonstrates that air pollution becomes serious because of the rapid development of society. Air pollution is an inevitable consequence of economic development in Hong Kong. Since there are many vehicles and factories in prosperous areas in Hong Kong, exhaust gas are created and air pollution will deteriorate. For instance, due to the construction of Hong Kong International Airport in Tung Chung in 1998, numerous airplanes taken off and landed leads to the increasingly serious pollution problems. Therefore, API has increased from 32 to 174 over these 20 years according to the data. Besides, some factories and manufacturers may be keen on the pursuit of profits but concerning less about the protection of environment. As a result, air pollution problem in Hong Kong become more severe in these ten years. The government should pay more attention to promote environmental protection. One of the feasible solutions of improving the air pollution problem is to promote environmental protection regularly. It is important for the citizens to build up their awareness of protecting environment. People need to know more about the consequences of poor air quality which may harm their health. The government may take some methods to handle the problem arising. For example, advertising through televisions, holding talks and educating the next generations. Therefore, manufacturers may take their social responsibility to reduce the damage on environment. Air pollution problem can be improved when people are concerning more about the situation. There are some possible benefits and challenges for implementing the solution. First, if the government and citizens can join hands in solving the problem, it is possible that promotion of environmental protection can meet our objectives. However, it may be difficult that the air pollution problem can be improved immediately. In long-run, laws and limitations should be introduced to improve air quality, such as introducing stricter pollution controls for factories, introducing higher registration fee of private cars and limiting the private cars on the road. As a consequence, the air quality of different areas in Hong Kong can be improved through these effective measures. In conclusion, according to the survey, the air pollution problem is increasingly serious in different prosperous districts in Hong Kong due to the economic development. There are lots of feasible and effective strategies of improving air quality. If the government and people collaborate in solving the problem, it is not far to breathe in fresh air in Hong Kong.

The Outline Of Cloud Computing Information Technology Essay

The Outline Of Cloud Computing Information Technology Essay Cloud computing is something where Internet is commonly visualized as clouds with computation being done through the Internet. Database resources can be accessed via Internet from anywhere without the need to worry about maintenance or management of actual resources. Data of multiple customers is stored at one common location. Cloud computing should have proper techniques for proper segregation of data to ensure data security and confidentiality. Security measures are needed to make sure that data of one customer does not affect another customers data. Providers of cloud computing must be equipped with proper disaster recovery policies. Key terms Saas, Iaas, Paas, SOA, Grid Computing, Resource sharing, Web2.0 Introduction In the recent years, cloud computing has grown from being a promising business concept to one of the fastest growing segments of the IT industry. But as more and more information on individuals and companies is placed on cloud, we need to consider how safe an environment is. Cloud computing is an independent platform in terms of computing. The best example of cloud computing is Google Apps where any application can be accessed using a browser and can be deployed on thousands of computer through the Internet. Architecture Characteristics of cloud computing a) Dynamic computing infrastructure Foundation for the dynamic infrastructure is a standardized, scalable and secure physical infrastructure. Levels of redundancy must be implemented to ensure high levels of availability but is must be easy to extend as usage growth demands it without architecture rework. b) IT service centric approach Users of the cloud generally want to run some business service or application for a specific, timely purpose which means giving preference to quickly and easily accessing a dedicated instance of an application or service. c) Self service based usage model Self service provides users the ability to upload, build, deploy, schedule, manage and report on their business services on demand. d) Minimally or self managed platform For a service provider to efficiently provide a cloud for its constituents, they must leverage a technology platform that is self managed. e) Consumption based billing Cloud computing is usage driven. Consumers pay for only what resources they use and therefore are charged or billed on a consumption based model. Types of services The main services provided by cloud computing service model can basically be divided into three main categories namely Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provides virtual servers with unique IP addresses. Also, it provides blocks of storage on demand. Customers benefit from an API from which they can control and manage their servers. This service is also known as utility computing since the customers can pay for exactly the amount of service they use. It provides grids, clusters and virtualized servers, networks, storage and systems software designed to expand or substitute the functions of an entire data center. The best example of IaaS is Amazons Elastic Compute Cloud [EC2] and Simple Storage Service. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is a set of software and development tools that are hosted on the providers servers. Developers can create applications using the providers APIs. PaaS basically provides virtualized servers on which users can run existing applications or develop new ones without being worried about maintaining the operating systems, server hardware, load balancing or computing capacity. PaaS also allows a lot of scalability by design. Google Apps is one of the most famous Platform-as-a-Service providers. Other good examples include Microsofts Azure and Salesforces Force.com. The third type which is Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) makes the broadest market. It is the most widely known and broadly used form of cloud computing. In this service, the providers allow the customers only to use their applications. The software through user interface interacts with the user. However, these applications are provided through a Web browser, and not by a locally-installed application. It reduces worries to a great extent about application servers, storage, application development and other common concerns of IT. Salesforce.com, Googles Gmail and Apps, instant messaging from AOL, Yahoo and Google, Twitter and VoIP from Vonage and Skype are some common examples of SaaS providers. Example of cloud architecture Amazon s3 cloud computing- The Amazon S3 provides a web service interface for the storage and retrieval of data in the cloud. Setting a maximum limits the number of objects that can be stored in S3. S3 uses the concept of buckets as containers for each storage location of objects. The data is stored securely using the same data storage infrastructure that Amazon uses for its e-commerce web sites. Security issues Securing confidential data is an important area of concern as unauthorized users may get access to it. Large organizations dealing with sensitive data have laid out regulatory compliance policies. Sometimes the network utilizes resources from another country or they might not be fully protected, hence the need for appropriate regulatory compliance policies. In cloud computing, it is very common to store data of multiple customers at one common location. Cloud computing should have proper techniques where data is segregated properly for data security and confidentiality. Breached security system Providers of Saas and Paas boast of robustness of systems claiming that security in cloud is tighter than in most enterprises. Risks involved The idea of multi tenancy and decoupling between specific hardware resources and applications exists at the heart of cloud infrastructure. Companies need to be vigilant. An important measure of security often overlooked by companies is how much downtime a cloud service provider experiences. Change in the software Companies need to know whether a software change might actually alter its security settings. Local law and jurisdiction Data that might be secure in one country may not be secure in another. Users of cloud do not know where their information is held. Incentives of CC It is ideal for a small firm that has to occasionally batch process a ton of calculations to produce a data product. It is cheaper and economies of scale make cloud computing more economical. Organizations and individuals can benefit from mass computing and storage provided by large companies with stable and strong cloud architectures. Companies that desire to build massive, scalable environments, utilizing virtualization and cloud computing will increase their future margin of success. It may be more environmental friendly. Reducing the number of hardware components needed to run applications on the companys internal data center and replacing them with cloud computing systems reduces energy for running and cooling hardware. By consolidating these systems in remote centers, they can be handled more efficiently as a group.

Utilitarianism and Retributivism Views of Capital Punishment Essay

The court handles all cases with extreme seriousness; however, different cases are handled differently. For instance, murder cases have different pre-trial procedures to be followed as compared to a case like violation of traffic rules. This paper outlines philosophers’ view of punishment and how the County District Court Division handles capital punishment. To begin with, punishment is an act that involves intentional infliction of agony or misery to a person for wrong doing, with the aim of correction. Capital punishment involves penalty by death or life imprisonment killing of the person who has been found guilty. In Philosophers endeavors to justify punishment, they have come up with theories, which explain the core objective of punishment. The theories are Utilitarianism and Retributivism (Fieser, 2001). Utilitarianism is a theory that seeks to identify the consequence of administering punishment. It explains that punishment should serve to dissuade a potential offender from committing a crime. This could be done by setting clear laws, which outlines the punishment for specific crime committed. The theory also proposes punishment as a way of rehabilitating the offender. For instance sentencing an offender to do community work should be done with the aim of improving the character of the offender (Fieser, 2001).On the other hand, Retributivism is a theory that advocates proportionate punishment to any wrongdoer. The theory invokes the retaliation principle, which stipulates that a person, who kills another, should also be killed. The proponent of this theory, Immanuel Kant, seems to be in agreement with the existence of capital punishment in some states. However, to rule out chances of an innocent person being pu... ...ions. However, sometimes judges overrule the jury’s recommendations and impose death penalty rather than life imprisonment (Death Penalty, n.d). In conclusion, statistics indicates that many inmates were executed in the year 2009 compared to 2008. In 2008, 37 inmates from nine states were executed either by lethal injection or electrocution. The following year recorded the execution of 52 inmates (Capital Punishment Statistics, 2008). Works Cited Capital Punishment Statistics, (2008). U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=1757.html Death Penalty, (n.d.). Death Penalty Information Centre. Retrieved from http://www.spectacle.org/linkpgs/deathpenalty.html Fieser, J. (2001). Capital Punishment. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retried from http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/punishme.htm#H5. html